Which jazz musician was nicknamed Bird?
Quick answer
Charlie Parker (1920–1955), the brilliant alto saxophonist, was nicknamed “Bird” (short for “Yardbird”). Along with trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, he created bebop in the 1940s, a fast, complex style that transformed jazz. He died at just 34, but he’s considered one of the greatest jazz musicians ever.
Key facts
- Born
- August 29, 1920, Kansas City, Kansas
- Died
- March 12, 1955, New York City
- Instrument
- Alto saxophone
- Style
- Bebop
Why “Bird”?
Stories differ. The most popular says that while traveling to a gig, Parker’s car hit a chicken (a “yardbird” in slang); he jumped out, picked it up and had it cooked for dinner. Another says he simply loved eating chicken. Either way, the nickname “Yardbird,” shortened to “Bird,” stayed with him for life.
Bebop
| Swing (1930s) | Bebop (1940s) |
|---|---|
| Dance music for big bands | Music for listening in small groups |
| Steady, danceable rhythms | Very fast tempos |
| Simple melodies | Complex chords and long improvised solos |
Parker could improvise rapid, complex lines at astonishing speed, while keeping a strong blues feeling. Famous Parker tunes include “Ko-Ko,” “Ornithology,” “Yardbird Suite” and “Now’s the Time.”
Growing up in Kansas City
Parker grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, a lively jazz scene in the 1930s. As a teenager, he was laughed off the stage at a jam session when he lost his place; the drummer reportedly threw a cymbal at his feet. He practiced obsessively and returned a far better player.
A short, troubled life
Parker struggled with addiction for most of his adult life, which damaged his health and career. He died in 1955, and the doctor who examined him estimated his age at 50 to 60. He was 34.
Legacy
- New York’s famous jazz club Birdland, opened in 1949, was named after him.
- The 1988 film Bird, directed by Clint Eastwood, tells his story.
- Musicians such as Miles Davis and John Coltrane built on his innovations.
For another jazz giant, see what instrument Louis Armstrong played.
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