What is RSV?
General information only. This article explains the basics and is not medical advice. For anything about your own health, talk to a doctor or other qualified professional.
Quick answer
RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common virus that infects the nose, throat and lungs. Most people get mild, cold-like symptoms and recover in a week or two, but RSV can be serious for babies, young children and older adults, sometimes causing bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
Almost every child catches RSV at least once by the age of two, and people can catch it again throughout life. In many countries it spreads most in autumn and winter.
Common symptoms
- Runny or blocked nose
- Cough and sneezing
- Fever
- Decreased appetite
- Wheezing
In very young babies, the only signs may be irritability, less activity and breathing difficulties.
Who is at higher risk?
| Group | Possible complications |
|---|---|
| Babies, especially under 6 months or born prematurely | Bronchiolitis (inflamed small airways), breathing problems |
| Adults 75 and older | Pneumonia, worsening of heart or lung disease |
| People with weakened immune systems | More severe illness |
| People with chronic heart or lung conditions | Flare-ups of their condition |
When to get urgent help
Health services advise getting urgent medical help if someone, especially a baby, is struggling to breathe, has pauses in breathing, has bluish lips or skin, or is not feeding or drinking enough.
How it spreads and prevention
RSV spreads through coughs and sneezes and by touching contaminated surfaces, where it can survive for hours. Everyday steps help: washing hands, covering coughs, cleaning surfaces and staying home when sick.
In recent years, many countries have introduced RSV vaccines for older adults and pregnant people, plus antibody products for infants. Who is eligible varies by country, so ask a doctor, pharmacist or local health service about current recommendations. In rare cases, serious infections can lead to sepsis.
Sources
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