What is ADHD?
General information only. This article explains the basics and is not medical advice. For anything about your own health, talk to a doctor or other qualified professional.
Quick answer
ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It’s a neurodevelopmental condition, meaning it affects how the brain develops and works, and it shows up as ongoing patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that affect daily life. It usually begins in childhood and often continues into adulthood.
Everyone gets distracted or restless sometimes. With ADHD, these patterns are persistent, start early in life, and cause real difficulties at school, work or home.
The three presentations
| Type | What it mainly involves |
|---|---|
| Predominantly inattentive | Trouble focusing, organizing, finishing tasks; often losing things |
| Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive | Fidgeting, restlessness, interrupting, acting without thinking |
| Combined | A mix of both, the most common presentation |
Common signs
- Difficulty keeping attention on tasks or conversations
- Being easily distracted and forgetful in daily activities
- Trouble organizing time and belongings
- Fidgeting, or feeling restless inside, especially in adults
- Talking a lot, interrupting or finding it hard to wait
In adults, hyperactivity often looks less like running around and more like inner restlessness, procrastination and difficulty managing time.
What causes it?
The exact cause isn’t fully known. Research points mainly to genetics, as ADHD often runs in families, along with factors such as premature birth and low birth weight. It is not caused by bad parenting, too much sugar or watching TV.
How is it diagnosed?
There’s no single test. A doctor, psychiatrist or psychologist looks at symptoms, how long they’ve lasted, and how much they affect different areas of life, often using questionnaires and reports from family or teachers.
Getting help
ADHD can be managed. Support may include education about the condition, behavioral strategies, workplace or school adjustments, and treatment options that a qualified professional can discuss. If you think you or your child may have ADHD, start by talking to a doctor.
Many people with ADHD find routines and good sleep habits helpful. Here are some general tips on how to sleep better.
Sources
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